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report:prm [2026/06/12 20:59] – [3.7.3 Risk assessment and prioritization] team1report:prm [2026/06/14 21:29] (current) – [3.3 Cost] team1
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 This chapter presents the project management approach adopted for the development of Screen2Green. Since the project combines hardware development, software integration, user interaction, and academic reporting within a limited timeframe, it required a management strategy capable of balancing structure with flexibility. This chapter presents the project management approach adopted for the development of Screen2Green. Since the project combines hardware development, software integration, user interaction, and academic reporting within a limited timeframe, it required a management strategy capable of balancing structure with flexibility.
  
-To address this, the team adopted a hybrid project management approach combining elements of Scrum and Waterfall. Waterfall was useful for planning around fixed academic deadlines and mandatory deliverables established by the EPS programme, while Scrum supported iterative development, continuous feedback, and adaptation to technical and organizational challenges throughout the semester. This combination was considered appropriate because the project contains both predictable elements, such as milestone submissions, and uncertain elements, such as concept refinement, prototype development, and system integration.+To address this, the team adopted a hybrid project management approach combining elements of Scrum and Waterfall. Waterfall was useful for planning around fixed academic deadlines and mandatory deliverables established by the European Project Semester (EPS) programme, while Scrum supported iterative development, continuous feedback, and adaptation to technical and organizational challenges throughout the semester. This combination was considered appropriate because the project contains both predictable elements, such as milestone submissions, and uncertain elements, such as concept refinement, prototype development, and system integration.
  
 The chapter is organized into the main areas relevant to project management: scope, time, cost, quality, people and stakeholder management, communication, risk, procurement, and project plan. Together, these sections explain how the team structured the work, allocated responsibilities, monitored progress, and responded to challenges during the project. The chapter is organized into the main areas relevant to project management: scope, time, cost, quality, people and stakeholder management, communication, risk, procurement, and project plan. Together, these sections explain how the team structured the work, allocated responsibilities, monitored progress, and responded to challenges during the project.
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 ^ Component^ Estimated cost (€) ^ ^ Component^ Estimated cost (€) ^
 | Power supply 12VDC 2A|9.50 €| | Power supply 12VDC 2A|9.50 €|
-| Valve (CWX-25S CR02, 12DVC)| 33.15 €|+| Solenoid Valve | 9.50 €| 
 +| Water pump| 10.40 €|
 | Buck converter | 2.50 €| | Buck converter | 2.50 €|
 | ESP32 Dev board | 9.90 € | | ESP32 Dev board | 9.90 € |
-| Relay module (1-ch) | 3.20 €|+| Relay module (1-ch) 2x| 6.40 €|
 | Capacitive soil moisture sensor | 4.90 €| | Capacitive soil moisture sensor | 4.90 €|
 | Temperature sensor (DS18B20)| 5.80 €| | Temperature sensor (DS18B20)| 5.80 €|
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 | Red LED (5 mm)| 0.36 €| | Red LED (5 mm)| 0.36 €|
 | Resistor 470 Ω| 0.15 €| | Resistor 470 Ω| 0.15 €|
-|**Total estimated prototype cost**| **72.44 €**|+|**Total estimated prototype cost**| **62.39 €**|
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-The effective prototype cost was calculated to approximately 72.44 €, meaning that the project remained within the available budget limit of 100 €. This was achieved through careful component selection, use of standardized off-the-shelf modules, and continuous evaluation of whether each component was necessary for the prototype functionality.+The effective prototype cost was calculated to approximately 62.39 €, meaning that the project remained within the available budget limit of 100 €. This was achieved through careful component selection, use of standardized off-the-shelf modules, and continuous evaluation of whether each component was necessary for the prototype functionality.
  
-During development, the team evaluated multiple valve solutions for the irrigation system. The initial solenoid valve was selected due to its low cost and availability. However, prototype testing revealed that the valve required more water pressure than the gravity-fed irrigation system could provide, resulting in unreliable operation. A second valve was subsequently investigated as a potential replacement. Although this valve was designed for lower-pressure applications, further analysis showed that it still required a minimum operating pressure of approximately 0.2 bar and operated at 220 VAC. These characteristics made it unsuitable for the Screen2Green prototype, which relies on a low-pressure irrigation system and a low-voltage electronic architecture based on 12 VDC and ESP32 components. As a result, the team selected a valve operating at 12 VDC as the final solution. Unlike the previously evaluated valves, this valve does not depend on the same pressure conditions and is compatible with the low-voltage design of the system. The selected valve increased the component cost from approximately 16 € to 33.15 €, corresponding to an increase of approximately 106%. Despite the higher cost, the replacement was considered necessary to ensure reliable operation and technical compatibility with the intended irrigation system. The increase in component cost raised the estimated prototype cost from 55.35 € to 72.44 €. However, the project remained well below the available budget, leaving approximately 27.56 € available for unforeseen expenses, replacement components, and future improvements.+During development, the team evaluated multiple valve solutions for the irrigation system. The initial solenoid valve was selected due to its low cost and availability. However, prototype testing revealed that the valve required more water pressure than the gravity-fed irrigation system could provide, resulting in unreliable operation. A second valve was subsequently investigated as a potential replacement. Although this valve was designed for lower-pressure applications, further analysis showed that it still required a minimum operating pressure of approximately 0.2 bar and operated at 220 VAC. These characteristics made it unsuitable for the Screen2Green prototype, which relies on a low-pressure irrigation system and a low-voltage electronic architecture based on 12 VDC and ESP32 components. As a result, the team selected a valve operating at 12 VDC as the final mass production solution. Unlike the previously evaluated valves, this valve does not depend on the same pressure conditions and is compatible with the low-voltage design of the system. The selected valve changed the component cost for mass production from approximately 9.50 € to 33.15 €, corresponding to an increase of approximately 106%. However in final mass production model submerged water pump will not be needed to generate pressure as in prototype model therefore pump costing 10.40 € will not be needed therefore total change of price of the components will be increased by 13.25 €. Despite the higher cost, the replacement was considered necessary to ensure reliable operation and technical compatibility with the intended irrigation system. The increase in component cost raised the estimated prototype cost from 62.39 € to 75.64 €. However, the project remained well below the available budget, leaving approximately 24.46 € available for unforeseen expenses, replacement components, and future improvements.
  
-During prototype testing, several additional components were temporarily introduced into the system to evaluate and demonstrate the watering functionality while alternative valve solutions were investigated. These components were not intended to be part of the final product but were necessary to create sufficient water pressure and validate the irrigation mechanism during testing. As these components were provided by the university and reused from existing laboratory equipment, they did not contribute to the prototype cost. The additional prototype components are presented in Table {{ref>prototype_components}}+During prototype testing, several additional components were temporarily introduced into the system to evaluate and demonstrate the watering functionality while alternative valve solutions were investigated. These components were not intended to be part of the final product but were necessary to create sufficient water pressure and validate the irrigation mechanism during testing. The components were provided by the University, however are still included in the total price of the prototype. The additional prototype components are presented in Table {{ref>prototype_components}}
  
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 <caption>Additional prototype components</caption> <caption>Additional prototype components</caption>
 ^ Component^ Quantity^ Cost (€)^Notes  ^ Component^ Quantity^ Cost (€)^Notes 
-|Water pump|1|0.00|Provided by university| +|Water pump|1|10.40|Provided by university| 
-|Water reservoir (bucket)|1|0.00|Provided by university| +|Water reservoir (bucket)|1|3|Provided by university| 
-|Tubing|2|0.00|Provided by university| +|Tubing|2|1.00|Provided by university| 
-|Nozzle|2|0.00|Provided by university|+|Nozzle|2|1.00|Provided by university|
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 <caption>Overall project cost</caption> <caption>Overall project cost</caption>
 ^ Cost category^ Description ^ Estimated cost (€) ^ ^ Cost category^ Description ^ Estimated cost (€) ^
-| Prototype materials| Electronic components, sensors, irrigation system, power supply, and prototype assembly|72.44 €|+| Prototype materials| Electronic components, sensors, irrigation system, power supply, and prototype assembly|77.79 €|
 |Personnel costs|Six team members, 1050 estimated working hours at 30 € per hour|31500 € | |Personnel costs|Six team members, 1050 estimated working hours at 30 € per hour|31500 € |
 |Marketing services|Estimated monthly marketing budget including social media advertising, content creation, influencer collaborations, university promotion, and analytics tools|1540 €| |Marketing services|Estimated monthly marketing budget including social media advertising, content creation, influencer collaborations, university promotion, and analytics tools|1540 €|
-|**Total estimated project value**| | **33112.44 €**|+|**Total estimated project value**| | **33117.79 €**|
 </table> </table>
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
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 For the Screen2Green project, the following stakeholders have been identified: For the Screen2Green project, the following stakeholders have been identified:
  
-  * Unordered List ItemProject Team 1: These are internal stakeholders consisting of six students from diverse technical backgrounds. They are responsible for the entire project lifecycle, including the design, assembly, and documentation of the Smart Pot system. +  * Project Team 1: These are internal stakeholders consisting of six students from diverse technical backgrounds. They are responsible for the entire project lifecycle, including the design, assembly, and documentation of the Smart Pot system.
   * ISEP Supervisors: This group of academic stakeholders provides the necessary technical framework and guidance. They are responsible for evaluating project deliverables and ensuring the project meets university standards.   * ISEP Supervisors: This group of academic stakeholders provides the necessary technical framework and guidance. They are responsible for evaluating project deliverables and ensuring the project meets university standards.
- 
   * Young Adults: This target market group consists of the primary end users. Their needs regarding screen time reduction and user experience are the main drivers for the product's functional requirements.   * Young Adults: This target market group consists of the primary end users. Their needs regarding screen time reduction and user experience are the main drivers for the product's functional requirements.
- 
   * ISEP 3D Printing: As a technical stakeholder within the university, this department is essential for the fabrication of the physical pot components. Access to these resources directly impacts the prototyping schedule.   * ISEP 3D Printing: As a technical stakeholder within the university, this department is essential for the fabrication of the physical pot components. Access to these resources directly impacts the prototyping schedule.
- 
   * YouTube Creators: These external partners are vital for the marketing strategy. They serve as influencers who build product credibility and awareness through video content and demonstrations.   * YouTube Creators: These external partners are vital for the marketing strategy. They serve as influencers who build product credibility and awareness through video content and demonstrations.
- 
   * Mauser.pt: This is the primary supplier for the project's electrical components. They provide the sensors and hardware necessary for the automatic watering system and app connectivity.   * Mauser.pt: This is the primary supplier for the project's electrical components. They provide the sensors and hardware necessary for the automatic watering system and app connectivity.
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   * Online Retailers: Platforms such as Amazon and Ebay are identified as distribution stakeholders. They represent the primary channels through which the product will reach a global market.   * Online Retailers: Platforms such as Amazon and Ebay are identified as distribution stakeholders. They represent the primary channels through which the product will reach a global market.
  
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 Manage Closely (High Power, High Interest): This category includes Team 1 and ISEP Supervisors. Communication here must be frequent and highly detailed. The team will use regular face-to-face meetings, constant messaging, and technical reports to ensure everyone is aligned.   Manage Closely (High Power, High Interest): This category includes Team 1 and ISEP Supervisors. Communication here must be frequent and highly detailed. The team will use regular face-to-face meetings, constant messaging, and technical reports to ensure everyone is aligned.  
  
-Keep Satisfied (High Power, Low Interest): This category includes the ISEP 3D Printing lab and the supplier Mauser.pt. Communication should be strictly professional, brief, and transactional. The team will only reach out when submitting precise 3D files or purchasing parts to avoid wasting their time.   +  * Keep Satisfied (High Power, Low Interest): This category includes the ISEP 3D Printing lab and the supplier Mauser.pt. Communication should be strictly professional, brief, and transactional. The team will only reach out when submitting precise 3D files or purchasing parts to avoid wasting their time.   
- +  * Keep Informed (Low Power, High Interest): This category includes the target market of Young Adults and YouTube Creators. Communication needs to be engaging and visual. The team will share project updates, app teasers, and promotional videos on social media to build excitement without requiring technical involvement.   
-Keep Informed (Low Power, High Interest): This category includes the target market of Young Adults and YouTube Creators. Communication needs to be engaging and visual. The team will share project updates, app teasers, and promotional videos on social media to build excitement without requiring technical involvement.   +  * Monitor (Low Power, Low Interest): This category covers Online Retailers. No direct communication is required during the prototype phase. The team will simply observe these platforms for competitor trends and pricing until the product is ready for mass distribution.
- +
-Monitor (Low Power, Low Interest): This category covers Online Retailers. No direct communication is required during the prototype phase. The team will simply observe these platforms for competitor trends and pricing until the product is ready for mass distribution.+
  
  
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 === 3.8.1 Definition === === 3.8.1 Definition ===
-Procurement Definition 
-The project requires specific hardware and materials to build a functional prototype. The following items must be purchased: 
  
-Electronic components: ESP32 board, 12 VDC pilot-operated solenoid valve, capacitive soil moisture sensor, DS18B20 temperature sensor, relay module, buck converter, 8W submersible pump, and power supply. These are required for the automated irrigation system prototype.+The project requires specific hardware and materials to build a functional prototype. 
 + 
 +The following items must be purchased: 
 + 
 +  * Electronic components: ESP32 board, 12 VDC valve, capacitive soil moisture sensor, DS18B20 temperature sensor, relay module, buck converter, 8W submersible pump, and power supply. These are required for the automated irrigation system prototype. 
 +  * Hardware fittings: A brass 1/2 inch female hose adapter to connect the pump and valve. 
 +  * Structural materials: Biodegradable PLA filament and natural cork to construct the pot and water tank.
  
-Hardware fittings: A brass 1/2 inch female hose adapter to connect the pump and valve. 
  
-Structural materials: Biodegradable PLA filament and natural cork to construct the pot and water tank. 
 === 3.8.2 Suppliers === === 3.8.2 Suppliers ===
  
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